Table 1 Effects of endogenous low testosterone and testosterone supplementation on vascular aging and cardiovascular disease risk
From: Sex differences in vascular aging in response to testosterone
| Women | Endogenous low total testosterone | Testosterone supplementation | ||
| Perimenopausal | Postmenopausal | Perimenopausal | Postmenopausal | |
| Cardiovascular disease risk | -- | ↑ | -- | -- |
| Endothelial function | ||||
| Brachial artery FMD | ↓ | ↑ | -- | ↑ |
| Digital peripheral artery tonomety | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Arterial stiffness | ||||
| Pulse wave velocity | ↔ | ↔ | -- | -- |
| Augmentation index | ↔ | ↔ | -- | -- |
| Arterial compliance | ↔ | ↔ | -- | -- |
| Men | Endogenous low total testosterone | Testosterone supplementation | ||
| Middle age | Older | Middle age | Older | |
| Cardiovascular disease risk | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↔ |
| Endothelial function | ||||
| Brachial artery FMD | ↓↑ | ↓↑ | ↔ | ↔↑ |
| Digital peripheral artery tonomety | ↓↑ | ↓↑ | ↔ | ↔ |
| Arterial stiffness | ||||
| Pulse wave velocity | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Augmentation index | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ |
| Arterial compliance | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ |