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| |
Men (n = 85)
|
Women (n = 70)
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Group, n (%)
| | |
0.220
|
|
LSI
|
28 (32.94%)
|
25 (35.71%)
| |
|
PGZ + LSI
|
22 (25.88%)
|
25 (35.71%)
| |
|
BBR + LSI
|
35 (41.18%)
|
20 (28.57%)
| |
|
Age (age)
|
49.62 ± 10.81
|
53.47 ± 7.68
|
0.013
|
|
Smoking, n (%)
|
23 (27.06%)
|
2 (2.86%)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Drinking, n (%)
|
25 (29.41%)
|
1 (1.43%)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Glucose metabolism
| | |
0.643
|
|
IGR, n (%)
|
42 (49.41%)
|
37 (52.86%)
| |
|
T2DM, n (%)
|
43 (50.59%)
|
33 (47.14%)
|
|
Treatment adherence (%)
|
100 (15–100)
|
100 (32–100)
|
0.161
|
|
Baseline BMI (kg/m2)
|
28.0 ± 3.5
|
27.4 ± 4.0
|
0.301
|
|
Final BMI (kg/m2)
|
27.0 ± 3.1
|
26.5 ± 4.1
|
0.466
|
|
BMI changes (kg/m2)
|
− 1.1 ± 1.1a
|
− 0.9 ± 1.1a
|
0.270
|
|
Baseline LFC (%)
|
33.02 ± 13.70
|
36.01 ± 16.21
|
0.215
|
|
Final LFC (%)
|
19.65 ± 12.65
|
21.76 ± 15.79
|
0.357
|
|
Absolute changes of LFC (%)
|
− 13.35 ± 15.41a
|
− 14.27 ± 15.58a
|
0.714
|
|
LSI (n = 53)
|
− 12.64 ± 17.78a
|
− 8.76 ± 13.49a
|
0.379
|
|
PGZ + LSI (n = 47)
|
− 9.95 ± 15.18a
|
− 15.24 ± 14.54a
|
0.229
|
|
BBR + LSI (n = 55)
|
− 16.06 ± 13.35a
|
− 19.95 ± 17.59a
|
0.359
|
- Data are given as means ± SD or median (Min-Max) for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Absolute changes of LFC (%), the absolute changes separately in three groups or three groups combined. P value calculated by unpaired Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative variables, and χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test for qualitative variables, differences between women and men
- IGR impaired glucose regulation, T2DM type 2 diabetes, BMI body mass index, LSI lifestyle intervention, PGZ pioglitazone, BBR berberine, LFC liver fat content
- aCalculated by paired t test, differences between before and after intervention
