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Table 3 Interaction between changes of LFC and gender in the PGZ + LSI group compared with the LSI group in different models

From: Gender differences in the efficacy of pioglitazone treatment in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with abnormal glucose metabolism

  Absolute changes of LFC (%) Men Women Interaction test P value
Model 1 β (95%CI) 9.79 (0.37, 19.21) − 8.26 (− 17.18, − 0.65) 0.003
P value* 0.046 0.025
Model 2 β (95%CI) 8.42 (− 1.40, 18.23) − 8.19 (− 16.64, − 0.27) 0.011
P value* 0.099 0.033
Model 3 β (95%CI) 5.25 (− 3.25, 18.76) − 7.75 (− 12.32, − 0.13) 0.039
P value* 0.464 0.045
Model 4 β (95%CI) 6.09 (− 3.02, 15.20) − 5.25 (− 13.38, 2.88) 0.024
P value* 0.193 0.210
Model 5 β (95%CI) 5.86 (− 3.24, 14.97) − 4.78 (− 13.43, 3.88) 0.059
P value* 0.211 0.283
Model 6 β (95%CI) 6.98 (− 6.59, 14.54) − 3.33 (− 11.09, 4.44) 0.291
P value* 0.801 0.405
  1. Data are shown as means (95% confidence interval). Absolute changes of LFC (%), difference of the absolute changes of LFC for men or women between the PGZ + LSI and LSI groups. Model 1: not adjusted; model 2: adjusted for age, smoking, drinking, baseline BMI, change of BMI, and treatment adherence; model 3: adjusted for baseline LFC and variables in model 2; model 4: adjusted for glucose metabolism and variables in model 2; model 5: adjusted for change of HOMA-IR and variables in model 2; model 6: adjusted for baseline LFC, glucose metabolism, change of HOMA-IR, and variables in model 2. Interaction test P value was assessed by Wald’s test
  2. LFC liver fat content
  3. *P value calculated by linear regression model, difference between the PGZ + LSI group and the LSI group